Male sterility can occur due to extranuclear genetic or nuclear genetic condition. Especially elite indica cultivars ir24 and ir64 are known to be restorer lines for wacms lines, and are used as male parents for hybrid seed. Localization of the rf3 restoreroffertility gene for. Cms lines, jlcms9a, jlcmsz9a, and jlcmspi9a, and their maintainer line, jlcms9b, to explore whether methylation levels differed in their nuclei. The novel chimeric open reading frame orf resulting from the rearrangement of a mitochondrial genome is generally thought to be a causal factor in the occurrence of cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The use of cytoplasmic male sterility for hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms lines and their maintainer line have the same nucleus but different cytoplasm types. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of.
This system relies on cytoplasmic factors and organelle genes nonmendelian inheritance to adversely affect development of one or more types of cells in the anther during some stage of microsporogen. Low levels of adenosine triphosphate atp may cause cell death, resulting in cms cytoplasmic male sterility. Male sterility in plants is often cytoplasmically based and maternally inherited. Many indica cultivars are known to carry restorer genes for wacms lines and. Nuclear male sterility nms genic, genetic, mendelian male sterility is governed solely by one or more. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybridseedinselfpollinatingcropspecies, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number. Male sterile plants produce no functional pollen, but do produce viable eggs. Cms is conditioned by gainoffunction mitochondrial genome mutations, giving rise to novel mitochondrial proteins and facilitating the use of cms in hybrid crop seed. Cms provides an expedient mechanism to produce large populations of malesterile plants. Includes information about the cause of the mutation, its biological.
The failure of pollen formation results in male sterile plants. Cms is a condition where plant is unable to produce functional pollen. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is the maternally inherited inability of a plant to produce or shed viable pollen. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile ir24 and ir64. Mitochondrial genes associated with cytoplasmic male. Extra credit assignment for plb 112 in which we hannah contois and amber tepe explain cytoplasmic male sterility. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms sterile cytoplasm s male sterility comes about as a result of the combined action of nuclear genes and genic or structural changes in the cytoplasmic organellar genome. Ahokas department of genetics university of helsinki helsinki finland summary the effect of the msm1 cytoplasm of barley hordeum vulgare l. Hybrid seed is produced from a cross between two genetically different lines. A cytoplasm of cwtype cytoplasmic male sterile cms line is derived from oryza rufipogon strain w1 and fertility is restored by a single nuclear gene, rf17. Heterozygous alleles restore male fertility to cytoplasmic. Cms systems represent a valuable tool in the production of hybrid seed in selfpollinating crop species, including maize, rice, cotton, and a number of vegetable crops.
In brassica juncea, orf288 has been identified as a cmsassociated gene in the hau cms line. Blast basic local alignment search tool analysis indicated that lsp1, a. Title from pdf of title page university of missouricolumbia, viewed on april 23, 2014. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. An international journal for rapid publication of reports on genes and genomes, volume 20. But in those crop plants where seed is the economic part, it is of no use because the hybrid progeny would be male sterile. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration ncbi. Male sterility inducing cytoplasms have been known for more than 100 years. We therefore characterized the hau cms line, and found that defective. Our results suggested that cytoplasmic male sterility cms.
Among them, stype is the most abundant beckett, 1971, vancetovic et al. In this type, male sterility is controlled by a single gene and is recessive to fertility, so that the f 1 individuals would be fertile. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen found in numerous flowering plant species. Cytoplasmic male sterility in several crops like maize zea mays and many other plants, cytoplasmic control of male sterility is known.
Most of the requirements of large scale production of hybrid seed can be met. It plays a pivotal role in the exploitation of crop heterosis. In some crop plants male sterile mutants occur in which inheritance of male sterility follows one of the following two patterns. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms plays a crucial role in the utilization of heterosis and various types of cms often have different abortion mechanisms. Development of hybrid cultivars is essential to maximize the yield potential of the species, and cytoplasmic male sterility cms is an important breeding tool that can facilitate this process. Many indica cultivars are known to carry restorer genes for wacms lines and cannot be used as maintainer lines. Jones and clarke 1943 established that male sterility in onion. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration plant cell.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is primarily caused by chimeric genes located in the mitochondrial genomes. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been noticed over 150 plant species. Hybridization system based on cms appears the most promising approach for hybrid wheat seed production. Cytoplasmic male sterility is used in agriculture to facilitate the production of hybrid seed. Cytoplasmic male sterility contributes to hybrid incompatibility. In the f 2 generation, the fertile and sterile individuals will segregate in 3. Pdf cytoplasmic male sterility and restoration of pollen fertility in. Comparative transcriptome analysis indicates that a core. Plant male sterility can be caused either by the mitochondrialnuclear interaction known as cytoplasmic male sterility cms or by the nuclear genome alone known as genic male sterility chen and liu 2014. Cytoplasmic male sterilityassociated chimeric open. Bateson and gairdner 1921 reported that male sterility in flax linum usitatissimum was inherited from the female parent.
Cms is generally caused by aberrant mitochondrial genes that are often chimeric in structure and frequently cotranscribed with conventional mitochondrial genes hanson and bentolila, 2004. Cms is a simple and effective pollination control system, and plays an important role in crop heterosis utilization. Eventually mutation at a nuclear gene may restore male fertility to individuals carrying the maternally inherited sterility factor. Transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of shaan2a cytoplasmic male sterility and its maintainer line in brassica napus.
However, very few data are available at the rna level. Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes background. Cytoplasmic male sterility article about cytoplasmic. In many instances, male sterility can be recovered by nuclearencoded restorer of fertility rf. Restoreroffertility rf genes are a critical component within the cmsrf system. Using protoplast fusion between cytoplasmic male sterile and fertile maintainer lines. Male sterility with a cytoplasmic type of inheritance volume 66 issue 3 d. Pollen development is an energyconsuming process that particularly occurs during meiosis. A cytoplasmic male sterility cms system is one of the most efficient ways to produce f 1 hybrid seeds in pepper capsicum annuum. Journal of experimental botany heterozygous alleles restore male fertility to cytoplasmic malesterile radish raphanus sativus l. Another form of male sterility not under the sole influence of male nuclear genes is called cytoplasmic male sterility cms. Cms is associated with mitochondrial dna mutation, novel chimeric open reading frames orfs, and rearrangement of coding and noncoding regions of the mitochondrial genome.
Chittenden and pellow 1927 observed that male sterility in flax was due to an interaction between the cytoplasm and nucleus. In many cases, it has been found that male fertility can be restored by nuclear encoded fertility restorer rf genes. Engineering cytoplasmic male sterility via the chloroplast. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in beets. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms in plants is a maternally inherited inability to produce functional pollen.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a natural phenomenon of pollen abortion caused by the interaction between cytoplasmic genes and nuclear genes. Cytoplasmic male sterility in the organism, sometimes in interaction with the environment for the stability of its expression. Cytoplasmic male sterility may be utilized for producing hybrid seed in certain ornamental species, or in species where a vegetative part is of economic value. Male sterility caused due to pollen or anther abortion.
The molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility and. This study involved molecular investigations of cytoplasmic male sterility cms in perennial ryegrass lolium perenne l. Identification of differentially expressed mirnas between. Cytoplasmic male sterility an overview sciencedirect. A joint segregation analysis of the inheritance of. Dna sequence differences in atp synthase genes have been revealed between the n and scytoplasms in the cotton cms system. The inheritance of rf genes in the two progenies was controlled by two major additivedominant.
Male sterility occur in nature through spontaneous mutations as well as can be induced artificially by chemical or physical mutagens. Molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility genetics. Hagihara e, itchoda n, habu y, iida s, mikami t and kubo t 2005a molecular mapping of a fertility restorer gene for owen cytoplasmic male sterility in sugar. Male sterility was discovered in two fullsib russian dandelion families, and additional crosses were performed to create f 2, f 3, and backcross. Wholegenome bisulfite sequencing of these four lines was performed. Wild nicotiana species as a source of cytoplasmic male. With normal lysine varieties, adorra, bomi, ci 4362, and hankkijas eero, the msm1 cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic male sterility is passed down maternally. Therefore, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms. Cytoplasmic male sterility cms refers to the inability of a plant to produce viable pollens due to cytoplasm based extranuclear genetic condition under. Sally mackenzie, in plant biotechnology and agriculture, 2012. In several crops like maize, cytoplasmic control of male sterility is known.
Male sterility, as the name indicates, is the inability of a plant to produce male reproductive organ, the viable pollens. Alternative cytoplasmic male sterility systems in sorghum. The entire dissertationthesis text is included in the research. The cms line originated as an interspecific hybrid between l. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration cytoplasmic male sterility cms, a condition under which a plant is unable to produce functional pollen, is widespread among higher plants. Cytoplasmic male sterility in barley, tag theoretical and. Cytoplasmic male sterility is not influenced by environmental. Fyfe, gillian toynbeeclarke skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. We have previously reported that cwcms were effective for breeding cms lines of indica group rice cultivars, ir 24 and ir 64. Cytoplasmic male sterility summary modern commercial seeds are commonly grown using plants with cytoplasmic male sterility cms. The applicability of this cwcmsrf17 system to produce other elite indica group rice cultivars with cms. If the female parent is male sterile having plasma gene for male sterility the f1 progeny would always be male sterile.
Hybrid breeding of cauliflower using selfincompatibility. Genotyping of 96 molecular markers and quantitative trait locus mapping revealed that only 60% of the plants having the male sterile cytoplasm. Cytoplasmically inherited male sterility cms results from an interaction between the organellar and nuclear genomes that conditions the failure to produce functional pollen. The specific locus amplified fragment sequencing slafseq as a highresolution strategy for the identification of new snps on a largescale is gradually applied for functional gene mining. Development of cytoplasmic male sterile ir24 and ir64 using cwcmsrf17 system kinya toriyama and tomohiko kazama abstract background. Male sterility results from the action of nuclear genes or cytoplasmic genes or both. Cytoplasmic male sterility and fertility restoration. In this article we will discuss about the molecular basis of cytoplasmic male sterility in nature. A method of producing hybrid beans with the aid of a cytoplasmic malesterile is described. Male sterile plants reduce the labor required to make hybrids, but they can cause problems for seed savers because the plants are male sterile in all succeeding generations. A wildabortivetype wa cytoplasmic male sterility cms has been almost exclusively used for breeding threeline hybrid rice. Origins of rice cytoplasmic male sterility genes cell research. Mitochondriallytargeted expression of a cytoplasmic male.
Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions. The inheritance of rf genes in pepper by joint segregation analysis was examined. The ratio of the pooled data for these 38 progenies comes remarkably close to that expected for a 9. Male sterility cytoplasmic male sterility pollen development fertility restoration nuclear male sterility these keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. Transcript levels of orf288 are associated with the hau. The pollen sterility that is caused by nuclear genes is. Cytoplasmic male sterility an introduction to genetic. Pdf transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of shaan2a. Circular rnas circrnas are a vital type of noncoding rnas, which play crucial roles in micrornas mirnas function and post. Mechanisms of genic male sterility iowa state university.
Cytoplasmic male sterility cms is a maternally inherited trait failing to produce functional pollen. If the inline pdf is not rendering correctly, you can download the pdf file here. Cytoplasmic male sterility in russian dandelion in. In cotton, all three types of male steriles are found.
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